Can you program a simple calculator with an algorithm and make it so that it does at least some arithmetic problems incorrectly? (Important here is the supposition that the errors be non-random)? I suppose Yes. Can you make a program that uses an algorithm to detect whether or not the said calculator's program is set to work correctly? Let's suppose the answer is yes. But can you make that program defective so that it fails to catch some programs? If the answer to the other two is yes, then Yes to this question as well. In such a case, can a calculator, relying on algorithms in any sense be said to know that it knows when it has the right answer? No.
Integral to Dembski's idea of specified complexity (SC) is the notion that something extrinsic to evolution is the source of the specification in how it develops. He compares SC to the message sent by space aliens in the movie "Contact." In that movie, earthbound scientists determine that radio waves originating in from somewhere in our galaxy are actually a signal being sent by space aliens. The scientists determine that these waves are a signal is the fact that they indicate prime numbers in a way that a random occurrence would not. What is interesting to me is the fact that Dembski relies upon an analogy with a sign rather than a machine. Like a machine, signs are produced by an intelligent being for the sake of something beyond themselves. Machines, if you will, have a meaning. Signs, if you will, produce knowledge. But the meaning/knowledge is in both cases something other than the machine/sign itself. Both signs and machines are purposeful or teleological...
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