It seems to me that Richard Dawkins' talk of the selfish gene is an attempt both to acknowledge that we act in a manner that--viewed from a first-person perspective--transcends selfishness but at the same time give a kind of primacy to selfishness in explaining how noble motivations arise from a metaphorically selfish gene. But isn't it a sign of desperation that he has to resort to metaphor in order to maintain the primacy of selfishness?
Integral to Dembski's idea of specified complexity (SC) is the notion that something extrinsic to evolution is the source of the specification in how it develops. He compares SC to the message sent by space aliens in the movie "Contact." In that movie, earthbound scientists determine that radio waves originating in from somewhere in our galaxy are actually a signal being sent by space aliens. The scientists determine that these waves are a signal is the fact that they indicate prime numbers in a way that a random occurrence would not. What is interesting to me is the fact that Dembski relies upon an analogy with a sign rather than a machine. Like a machine, signs are produced by an intelligent being for the sake of something beyond themselves. Machines, if you will, have a meaning. Signs, if you will, produce knowledge. But the meaning/knowledge is in both cases something other than the machine/sign itself. Both signs and machines are purposeful or teleological...
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